English author, editor and translator (15531616), It has been suggested that the Hakluyts were originally, "Richard Hakluyt", 13 in pt. who was a lawyer and also an advocate of English colonization. These latter writings, together with a few letters, are the only extant material out of which a biography of him can be framed. A brief collection of certain reasons to induce her Majestie and the state to take in hand the western voyage and the planting there. He died on November 23, 1616. To begin with, the interest of Britain to colonize the Western Hemisphere is a major national goal. A person named Hugo Hakelute, who may have been an ancestor or relative of Richard Hakluyt, was elected Member of Parliament for the borough of Yatton in 1304 or 1305,[7] and between the 14th and 16th centuries five individuals surnamed "de Hackluit" or "Hackluit" were sheriffs of Herefordshire. English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View. He also published numerous geographical works describing North America and early English exploration of the New World. His father died when Richard was five years old, leaving his family to the care of a cousin, another Richard Hakluyt, a lawyer who had many friends among prominent city merchants, geographers, and explorers of the day. Hakluyt the Elder was a supporter of English participation in the exploration of America. That by these Colonies the Northwest passage to Cathay and China may easily quickly and perfectly be searched out as well by river and overland, as by sea, for proof whereof here are quoted and alleged diverse rare Testimonies out of the three volumes of voyages gathered by Ramusius and other grave authors. This will ensure the distribution of people, thereby reducing overpopulation and its subsequent effects. The displacement of catholic Spain in the colonial race and substituting it with Protestant England is of critical importance. Readers loved these accounts, and Hakluyt's work helped to promote interest in England's colonization, or settlement, of North America. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. What type of commercial aspirations does Hakluyt describe? That the Queen of England title to all the west Indies, or at the least to as much as is from Florida to the Circle arctic, is more lawful and right then the Spaniards or any other Christian Princes. [14], Hakluyt was also a leading adventurer of the Charter of the Virginia Company of London as a director thereof in 1589. That by these Colonies the Northwest passage to Cathay and China may easily quickly and perfectly be searched out as well by river and overland, as by sea, for proof whereof here are quoted and alleged diverse rare Testimonies out of the three volumes of voyages gathered by Ramusius and other grave authors. Hakluyt's cousin, also named Richard Hakluyt, of the Middle Temple, became his guardian. He gave information to the newly formed East India Company and continued his interest in the North American colonizing project; he was one of the chief promoters of the petition to the crown for patents to colonize Virginia in 1606 and at one point contemplated a voyage to the colony. IV ("The Literature of the Sea") of vol. That this western discoverie will be greatly for the enlargement of the gospel of Christ whereunto the Princes of the reformed religion are chiefly bound amongst whom her Majestie is principally. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. to the reliefe of the colonie planted in Virginia, in . A brief collection of certain reasons to induce her Majestie and the state to take in hand the western voyage and the planting there. by, Hakluyt's dedication to Sir Francis Walsingham of the work, There does not appear to be any monument to Hakluyt either in, The Galileo Project errs in identifying Hakluyt's first publication as, At Hakluyt's recommendation, the work was translated into English by, According to Jones's introduction to Hakluyt's, David Harris Sacks, "Richard Hakluyt's Navigations in Time: History, Epic, and Empire,", The exact date of the translation is unknown; all that can be said is that it must have been prepared between the publication of Grotius' book in 1609 and Hakluyt's death in 1616: see David Armitage, "Introduction", in. 4. George Bruner Parks has theorized that publication at that time would have been inconvenient to England because after England had successfully helped Holland and Spain to negotiate the Twelve Years' Truce during the Eighty Years' War, the work would have supported English claims for free seas against Spain, but not its claims for closed seas against Holland. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. Hakluyt was not blind to the profits arising from foreign trade. The two would later co-operate to convince the English crown to invest in overseas ventures. Hakluyt interested himself in the publication of the manuscript journal of Ren Goulaine de Laudonnire, L'histoire notable de la Floride situe s Indes Occidentales in Paris in 1586. Hakluyt's other works synthesized information providing maps and documents that allowed for many others to obtain vital information. Hakluyt dedicated to Cecil the second (1599) and third volumes (1600) of the expanded edition of Principal Navigations and also his edition of Galvo's Discoveries (1601). Learn More. The Hakluyt Society, which publishes scholarly editions of primary records of voyages and travels, was named after him in its 1846 formation. Around that time he became a minister. and M.A. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. Librarian and Map Curator, Royal Geographical Society, London, 194566. When Richard Hakluyt was forty years old, he sat one day in his study in London with a walrus tusk in his hands. 1) Rich soil 2) ease of travel 3)Increase Navel Power (build more ships)-larger ships the better 4)make their Navy so strong Among them were Humphrey Gilbert, an explorer and businessman; Gilbert's half-brother, Walter Raleigh (1552-1618); and writer and geographer Richard Hakluyt (1552-1616). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Author and geographer Richard Hakluyt decided to write about the Americas as encouragement for others to learn about them. In Paris, Hakluyt also edited an edition of the De Orbe Novo of Pietro Martire dAnghiera so that his countrymen might have knowledge of the early successes and failures of the Spaniards in the New World. discussed in biography In Richard Hakluyt a report, known briefly as Discourse of Western Planting (written in 1584), which set out very forcefully the political and economic benefits from such a colony and the necessity for state financial support of the project. the Newfound Landes (London, 1583), in The . He regards the native people as resources which England can use to serve her self-interest. Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. While at one point he petitioned for and received a grant to travel to America he did not, in the . [23] However, it is not clear why Hakluyt's translation was not published in his lifetime. Hakluyt is a firm believer of colonization owing to the nationalistic, social, and economic benefits it might bring to England. That the Spaniards have executed most outrageous and more than Turkish cruelties in all the west Indies, whereby they are everywhere there, become most odious unto them, who would join with us or any other most willingly to shake of their most intolerable yoke, and have begun to do it already in diverse places where they were Lords heretofore. Hakluyt's Voyages brought him to the notice of Lord Howard of Effingham, and Sir Edward Stafford, Lord Howard's brother-in-law. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. professional specifically for you? Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. Author of. Instead, he stressed the importance of occupation, which was favourable to the English as they and not the Spanish had occupied Virginia. Furthermore, he points out that crime in England is on the rise, and colonization will aid in sending convicted criminals to work in farms in colonized regions in order to reduce tax payments that emanate from rehabilitating criminals in England. She is also a writer of historical fiction. 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This will be made possible because England will easily secure raw materials and control strategic ports. A note of some things to be prepared for the voyage which is set down rather to draw the takers of the voyage in hande to the present consideration then for any other reason for that diverse things require preparation long before the voyage, without which the voyage is maimed. In this document, Hakluyt outlined particular points highlighting the benefits of colonization for the English people. Its overriding purpose was to stimulate, guide, and encourage an undertaking of incalculable national import. ), David Armitage (ed.) 3. Both of his parents died when he was quite young, leaving Richard and his siblings in the care of an older cousin. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [29], Hakluyt is principally remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his writings. In addition, the indigenous people, including Indians, are mere tools that serve the interests of the English people. A particular discourse concerning the great necessity and manifold commodities that are like to grow to this Realm of England by the Western discoveries lately attempted, Written In the year 1584 by Richard Hakluyt of Oxford at the request and direction of the right worshipful Mr. Walter Raleigh now Knight, before the coming home of his Two Barks: and is divided into xxi chapters, the Titles whereof follow in the next leaf. (Cambridge: 1877), 1-5. Without his urging, the English might have been content to rest in their foggy off-shore island while the Spaniards and Portuguese divided the world between them. While at one point he petitioned for and received a grant to travel to America he did not, in the end, leave England. Indigenous people are also portrayed as laborers who are supposed to produce goods and act as fighters against enemies of England. [20], Hakluyt was married twice, once in or about 1594[5] and again in 1604. [5][8], Richard Hakluyt, the second of four sons, was born in Eyton in Herefordshire in 1553. [10] In 1599, he became an adviser to the newly-founded East India Company, and in 1601 he edited a translation from the Portuguese of Antonio Galvo's The Discoveries of the World. A Briefe declaration of the chief Islands in the Bay of Mexico being under the king of Spain, with their havens and forts, and what commodities they yeide. [10] In 1605 he secured the prospective living of Jamestown, the intended capital of the intended colony of Virginia. Secondly, he was a persistent and able propagator of colonization and, through his numerous works, inspired many early English explorers. Hakluyts family was of some social standing in the Welsh Marches and held property at Eaton. Nor did his belief in the possibility of Arctic passages to the East fade, for he was also a charter member of the Northwest Passage Company of 1612. From an early age, he was fascinated by geography and the prospect of the colonization of America. "[21], Hakluyt prepared an English translation of Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius' Mare Liberum (1609),[22] a treatise that sought to demonstrate that the Dutch had the right to trade freely in the East Indies, contrary to Spanish and Portuguese claims of sovereignty over the seas,[23] in the early 17th century. Richard Hakluyt makes the case for English colonization, 1584 Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. They'd also need to provide for the numerous unemployed who filled the streets of cities such as London. Of chief concern would be for ''the enlargement of the gospel of Christ,'' in converting the natives to the Anglican religion. Records also show that a Thomas Hakeluytt was in the wardship of Henry VIII (reigned 15091547) and Edward VI (reigned 15471553). Hakluyt was concerned with the activities of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Martin Frobisher, who were both searching for a passage to the East; was consulting Abraham Ortelius, compiler of the worlds first atlas, and Gerardus Mercator, the Flemish mapmaker, on cosmographical problems; and was gaining approval for future overseas exploration from such politically prominent men as Lord Burghley, Sir Francis Walsingham, and Sir Robert Cecil. He dedicated much of his career to convincing his contemporaries about the necessity of England establishing its own colonies. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Therefore, the natives and Indians are mere tools, passive objects, or pawns constructed to be used and manipulated via protestant religions in order to serve the interests of the English people. A particular discourse concerning the great necessity and manifold commodities that are like to grow to this Realm of England by the Western discoveries lately attempted, Written In the year 1584 by Richard Hakluyt of Oxford at the request and direction of the right worshipful Mr. Walter Raleigh now Knight, before the coming home of his Two Barks: and is divided into xxi chapters, the Titles whereof follow in the next leaf. The latter term encompasses paganism, Judaism, and Islam. This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Coote, Charles Henry; Beazley, Charles Raymond (1911). 8 April. An answer to the Bull of the Donation of all the west Indies granted to the kings of Spain by Pope Alexander the VI who was himself a Spaniard borne. [17] This work contains an exceedingly-rare copperplate map dedicated to Hakluyt and signed F.G. (supposed to be Francis Gualle); it is the first on which the name "Virginia" appears.[14]. Though Hakluyt neglected to mention its origin, the . Cabot voyages at the end of the 15th-century mark, the beginning of the English crown's interest in overseas discoveries. This was The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, which, by its scholarship and comprehensiveness, transcended all geographical literature to date; the first edition, in one volume, appeared in 1589. His only concern is the occupation of land for military and economic purposes because it would involve violent means. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. This book describes in detail the life and times of Hakluyt, a trained minister who . He was the chief promoter of a petition to James I for letters patent to colonize Virginia, which were granted to the London Company and Plymouth Company (referred to collectively as the Virginia Company) in 1606. IV of, It has been claimed that the Hakluyts were given "Eaton Hall" (Yatton?) To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Hakluyt was born in a wealthy merchant family, his father was a skin and fur trader in 1552 in London. When Richard Hakluyt was forty years old, he sat one day in his study in London with a walrus tusk in his hands. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. Both nations appear to be in stiff competition for resources found in native America. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons for Colonization, 1585 The glory of God by planting of religion among those infidels. [18], On 20 April 1590 Hakluyt was instituted to the clergy house of Wetheringsett-cum-Brockford, Suffolk, by Lady Stafford, who was the Dowager Baroness Sheffield.