Research methods should become more synergistic and internationalized. Soc. Univ.21, 124126 (2009). Genom.11, 809 (2015). A superfruit species for the future should simultaneously meet the diverse needs of growers, consumers, marketers, governments, and society. Q: Are Jujube trees invasive? Acta Hortic. High-density planting and protected cultivation systems have also been applied commercially after the beginning of the 21st century. Dongzao. Qi, J. et al. Agrofor Syst 13:143158, Reyes T, Quiroz R, Luukkanen O (2009) Spice crop agroforestry systems in the east Usambara Mountain, Tanzania: growth analysis. The ethylene and ABA pathways are involved in regulating jujube fruit ripening30,31. Yan, G. Cytological Studies on Chinese Jujube (Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 1984). To estimate these risks . Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Sin.33, 374377 (2006). Acquirement of endosperm triploid and its biology and cytology 1978-1984. Sci. Sin.32, 496499 (2005). Dongzao. proposed that they could be treated as two different species, Z. jujuba Mill. Dongzao. Stnic, F. & Vasile, S. A. Chinese datea new promising fruit plant for Romania southern areas. Its flower bud differentiation and fruit set habit are also very distinct, with a short flower bud differentiation time (10 days), a 2-month flowering season, and a low fruit set of only ~1%. Hao, Z., Dai, L., Wang, J., Wu, X. Chen, G., Zhang, Z., Ma, J., Zhao, L. & Cao, L. Studies on postharvest physiology and storage technology of Dongzao. Agroforestry Systems Zhang, B., Chen, J. Chem. Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding (2006). Neolithic charred fruits and pits of jujube unearthed in Peiligang, Mixian County, Henan Province, China, indicate that Chinese people had begun to pick and use jujubes and domesticate jujube trees at least 7240 years ago. Until now, a total of 25 triploid, tetraploid, and octoploid strains have been created, among which three excellent tetraploid strains have been released as new cultivars by the Hebei Forestry Cultivar Examination and Approval Committee75,76,77. Zhang et al. Sci. Sin.43, 966974 (2016). Studies have also proven that sugar transport plays a significant role in sugar accumulation15,28 and jujube fruits have characteristics of nonclimacteric fruits15,29. The roots of Jujube tree can better stretch in the new pot soil and quickly adapt to the new soil. Ser. Creation of large hybrid populations using male-sterile germplasm as the female parent in jujube. Zhang, L. et al. 2009BADA4B03), by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (Project No. BMC Genomics21, 191 (2020). J. Rep.8, 15612 (2018). Shanxi. PubMedGoogle Scholar. 2). To obtain Effect of root pruning on competitive abilityin Chinese jujube tree From 500 CE to 1949, the cultivation of jujube mostly followed traditional methods. More than 90% of jujube production is concentrated in six provinces, namely, Xinjiang, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Henan. Exp. Zhang, G. & Yu, X. Consumers like fruits that are delicious and nutritious and that appeal to appearance and status. Acta Hortic.840, 259262 (2008). Lingwuchangzao for Protected Cultivation. In vitro plantlets were obtained from the stem segments of root suckers in 198398. Research methods should involve more new approaches, such as modern information technology and multiomics techniques. It was revealed that jujube has very strong resistance to abiotic stress, including drought, barren soils, and saline and alkali conditions. Int.39, 917923 (2006). Wang, H. et al. Since the 1980s, various cultivation techniques focusing on high yield were developed for the leading cultivars and main production areas, which increased production by over 50%, increased the high-quality fruit rate by over 30%, and reduced pesticide use by over 50%102,103. Zhao, J. et al. Wu, Y., Zhang, J. Jujube Tree (Ziziphus Mauritiana) Grow and Care Guide Jujube never needs flower-promoting treatments. Method 2: A self-fruitless or self-sterile variety is chosen as the female parent, and a variety with high pollen viability and compatibility is chosen as the male parent. Using an interspecific population between Z. jujuba and Z. acidojujuba, a high-density molecular (SNP) genetic map was constructed by restriction site-associated DNA sequencing17. Establishment of embryo culture technical system of Chinese jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.). Objectives such as tolerance to transportation and long storage life, varied ripening times, and multiple-use cultivars are marketers preferences. Twenty-one jujube cultivars were recorded in the book Guangzhi written by Guo Yigong in the Jin Dynasty, 1700 YA. & Wang, C. Study on respiration type of Chinese jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). After entering the 21st century, great progress has been made in polyploidy and cross-breeding in jujube. Sci. & Liu, M. Callus induction and plant regeneration from anther walls in Ziziphus jujuba Mill. The process of in vivio induction of homogeneous polyploids via calluses in jujube. Shi, Q., Liu, P., Liu, M., Wang, J. var. & Liu, M. Expression profiles of genes and enzymes related to ascorbic acid metabolism in fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. C.J. Ji, Q. The fruit can be stored and transported easily. Three main genes in the MAPK cascade involved in the Chinese jujube phytoplasma interaction. Zhang, Z., Kang, C., Zhang, S. & Li, X. Transcript analyses reveal a comprehensive role for abscisic acid in modulating fruit ripening in Chinese jujube. and ZjCNGC2 mediated signalling cascades in response to cold stress. In particular, the use of sour jujube seeds, rather than pits, to obtain rootstocks has become the mainstream method; using this method, the seedlings grow faster and more uniformly than in rootstocks obtained from pits2. Liu, P. et al. Our study was conducted to apply root pruning to test whether it can effectively inhibit the vigorous vegetative growth by regulating the competitive ability of the root system for water and nutrients. PLoS ONE9, e109850 (2014). Xue, C. et al. Currently, under the optimal storage conditions, half-red fresh jujube can be preserved for 23 months or even more than 4 months. Stnic, F., Dicianu, D. E., Butcaru, A. C. & Iliescu, L. M. Preliminary results about Romanian consumers preferences on jujube fruits. Planting: Dig a hole big enough to accommodate the root system. Zhang, C., Huang, J., Yin, X., Lian, C. & Li, X. Commun.42, 221224 (2006). B Hortic.LXIII, 1724 (2019). Liu, M., Zhao, J., Wang, J., Liu, Z. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. How to Grow and Care for Jujubes Three representative books on jujube germplasm have been published. Acta Hortic. Wang, L. et al. Deciduous fruit. Juice obtained from the fruits is used in making small candies called jujubes. heteroformis Hort., Z. jujuba Mill. How to Grow Jujube Trees (Chinese Date) Pruning Flowering and Fruiting J. This technique has become a common practice in fresh jujube production. In l max = 22 cm, the integral constant a = 1.9 and instantaneous growth rate r = 0.14. J. Shanxi Agric. Specific reference genes for RT-qPCR of jujube were selected under a variety of conditions and sourced from different tissues/organs, fruit development stages, and biotic/abiotic stresses, providing more choices for further gene expression analysis and functional studies in jujube22,23,24,25,26. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between root distribution and interspecific interactions between intercropped jujube tree (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) Water thoroughly and keep the pot in partial shade for the first few weeks to minimize transplant shock, then move to a location with full sun. The male sterility and kernelless traits are controlled by homozygous recessive genes, and some QTL loci of quantitative traits have also been identified92,93,94,95. Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Eur. J. Agric. Farm Prod. Plant Prot.1, 9297 (2013). Propagating jujubes | Agriculture and Food Chen, Z., Wang, R., Qi, S., Wang, C. & Yan, H. Preliminary studies on the storage of Chinese jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill) in fresh state II. Under normal room temperature and humidity conditions, fresh jujube loses moisture quickly and loses crispness within 35 days. A new excellent tetraploid table cultivar of sour jujubeZhuguang. However, propagation via tissue culture has not been used on a large scale in jujube in China because of the high technical requirements, high cost, and late fruiting of micropropagated plants. et al. Cambridge University Press, New York, Wanvestraut RH, Jose S, Nair PKR, Brecke BJ (2004) Competition for water in a pecan (Carya illinoensis K. Koch)cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) alley cropping system in the southern United States. Zhang, W., Rao, J., Li, K., Li, W. & Wu, Y. Propagation is by seeds, although the commercial varieties must be propagated vegetatively by suckers, root cuttings, or grafting. (1) Fundamental research is still weak, and the role of research in supporting major technological innovations is not strong enough. PLoS Genet.12, e1006433 (2016). This result was later confirmed by SSR and cpSSR analysis61,62. Sci. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Li, M. et al. Acta Hortic. Bare root trees should be planted the same depth as in the nursery row (or no more than 1-inch below). In the book Qi Min Yao Shu, published 1500 YA, it is clearly recorded that ancient Chinese people used to select the trees with the best tasting fruits of wild sour jujube (Z acidojujuba Cheng et LiuZ. Acta Hortic. (5) Environmentally friendly and high-efficiency pest management integrating physical, agricultural, and biological approaches: minimizing the use of chemical pesticides and reducing chemical residues; promoting labor-saving and low-cost pest and disease control systems; and ensuring high yields, high fruit quality, and food safety. Starting with a superhigh density (0.5m1.0m), the density is gradually decreased to 1.01.5m4.0m. This new model obtains good yields (58t/ha) in the year of grafting (Fig. Agrofor Syst 55:125137, Garca-Barrios L, Ong CK (2004) Ecological interactions in simultaneous agroforestry systems in the tropics: management lessons. Genome-wide identification of CNGC genes in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) This article was most recently revised and updated by, Nature - The historical and current research progress on jujubea superfruit for the future, jujube - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Org.121, 423433 (2015). var. The contents of vitamin C, cAMP, soluble sugars, titratable acids, sucrose, glucose, and fructose were significantly higher in tetraploid Riguang fruits than in diploid Dongzao fruits79. This period has lasted for over 70 years. Dongzao). & Liu, M. Genetic diversity and structure of 255 cultivars of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Acta Hortic. Agric. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. A large number of local cultivars, such as Zanhuangdazao, Linyilizao, Dongzao, Qiyuexian, Junzao, Huizao, etc. Forests10, 392 (2019). Super high-density jujube orchard in Xinjiang, China (Photo by Prof. Yanjiang Shi). A technique for the sorted extraction and comprehensive wasteless utilization of the main functional components of jujube has been developed on the basis of systematic nutrient composition analysis54,138,139. Zhang, Z. However, jujubes and sour jujubes are very closely related, with cross-compatibility and transitional types between them. The house that backs up to my house never had sprinklers in . The traditional production region formation period (Zhou DynastyHan Dynasty, or 1000 BCE1 CE). Method 3: is a universal technology free of emasculation, i.e., covering the parents with nets to keep away unexpected pollen donors, pollinating by bees inside the nets, and identifying the hybrids with molecular markers84. Liu, D., Ye, X. Zhang, F., Wang, J., Li, F., Liu, Z. Jujube can satisfactorily meet the diverse needs of growers, consumers, marketers, government, and society. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 6177, Atkinson D, Johnson MG, Mattam D, Mercer ER (1978) The effect of orchard soil management on the uptake of nitrogen by established apple trees. Most species belong to Sect. Genome-wide characterization of simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci in Chinese jujube and jujube SSR primer transferability. More farmers in China now graft or bud onto seedling rootstocks. Wang, Z., Han, H., Liu, M., Zhang, X. Once the sucker has established a root system . You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. & Liu, M. Expression stabilities of candidate reference genes for RT-qPCR in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Good quality, stonelessness, high nutrient levels, and varied ripening times can satisfy consumers, whose demands have become increasingly critical and diversified. Growing jujube trees is not difficult as long as you have sandy, well-drained soil. Fruit. Sci. The practical techniques include cold storage, controlled atmosphere storage, decompression storage, and controlled freezing-point storage119,120,121,122. Luo, Z. The key techniques included peeling off the seed coat, culturing young embryos together with their endosperm and reverse inoculating young embryos with the chalazal end pointed down on the medium. The fruit is particularly rich in nutrients, and its contents of sugar, vitamin C and B, cyclic nucleotide, proline, triterpenic acid, potassium, iron, and zinc are the highest among many fruits9,10 (Table 2). Wang, L. et al. Chen, D. The problems and solutions of Hami jujube mechanized drying. Some gene families involved in phytoplasma and cold stress and flower and fruit development were identified and analyzed at the genome level22,23,24,32,33,34. . It ferments readily and lose firmness when it is tightly sealed in conventional plastic bags under cold storage. Agric Ecosyst Environ 52:129140, Vandermeer J (1989) The ecology of intercropping. J. Wuhan. Chinese jujube is an important multi-purpose fruit tree in Asia. & Tian, J. All authors added information and revised the paper. High-efficiency management systems for the main diseases and pests in jujube mentioned above have been established in China3,46,103. Agric. Sin.41, 14951510 (2014). Biotechnol.83, 305308 (2008). & Gao, W. Genetic relationship of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) and sour jujube (Z. spinosa) based on RAPD markers. Jujube benefits the body in its ability to support sleep and gut health. 3). Liu, M. et al. In this latest period, research achievements have been very fruitful. Water and fertilizer are the two main factors which promote the rapid growth of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) trees. Fruit. Bot.165, 92107 (2019). Characteristics of fruiting and fertility of different cultivars of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. The central and local governments encouraged jujube growing via legislation to increase farmer incomes and improve the environment. Genome-wide analysis of the bHLH gene family in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Tree Genet. Ser. We summarized historical research achievements from the past 3000 years and reviewed recent research advances since 1949 in seven fields, including genome sequencing and application, germplasm resources and systematic taxonomy, breeding and genetics, cultivation theory and techniques, pest control, postharvest physiology and techniques, and nutrition and processing. M.L., J.W., L.W., S.Y., and F.S. Under Z. jujuba Mill., five forms have been reported, i.e., f. tortuosa Cheng et Liu (Z. jujuba Mill. Jujube leaves are rich in leucine, vitamin B6, carotene, betulinic acid, and ursolic acid, the flowers are rich in vitamin B1 and leucine, and mature fruits are rich in cAMP, functional sugars, vitamin B, triterpenic acid, proline, and some other important functional components in addition to the well-known carbohydrates and vitamin C. Jujube is an important traditional herb and tonic. After 1995, research on jujube tissue culture increased rapidly, and tissue culture with stem tips, stem segments, leaves, anthers, embryos, and cotyledons as explants were all successful83,86,87,99,100. Int. Changing host photosynthetic, carbohydrate and energy metabolisms play important roles in phytoplasma infection. Mingxin Guo, Zhongren Zhang, Xusheng Zhao, Vance M. Whitaker, Steven J. Knapp, Sujeet Verma, Amy F. Iezzoni, Jim McFerson, Cameron Peace, Maria Jos Aranzana, Vronique Decroocq, Pere Ars, Weijian Zhuang, Hua Chen, Rajeev K. Varshney, Ratan Chopra, Evan B. Johnson, M. David Marks, Horticulture Research Jujube tree yields in dryland saline soils are restricted by water shortages and soil salinity. cv. Jujube needs to be promoted to consumers around the world as a new superfruit by scientists and commercial companies with the aim of introducing its unique qualities for human health and longevity. Its utilization and cultivation history can be traced back to the Neolithic age, 7000 years ago1,2,3,4,5. Fruit. The tissue culture of jujube began in 1978. BMC Genom.20, 568 (2019). lageniformis Nakai, Z. jujuba Mill. Moreover, at the end of the Shang Dynasty, the description of Jujube picked in August in the Book of Songs indicated that jujube orchards had appeared by at least 3000 YA. PubMed Central To meet the needs of large-scale development, grafting propagation with sour jujube as the rootstock has been widely used since the late 1980s. When I planted my Jujube as a bare root tree, I chopped it down to knee height about 2 feet tall and it finished the summer around 9 feet. & Liu, M. Screening and evaluation of germplasms with high resistance to fruit cracking in Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Dicianu, E. D., Ivan, E. ., Jerca, I. O., Ciceoi, R. & Stnic, F. Morphometric and phytopathological analysis of Romanian jujube fruits during the storage period. Google Scholar. This period has not yet ended, and there is still a long way to go before establishing a modern technology system for jujube. Additionally, according to the unearthed carbonized fruits, jujube was cultivated and utilized in China 7000 years ago. Design and practice of emasculation-free cross breeding in Chinese jujube. In the last 30 years, various new products, such as jujube juice, jujube powder, jujube slices, jujube tea, jujube beer, jujube essence, and jujube pigment, have been developed149. 6-year-old jujube exhibited a stronger negative effect on the productivity of wheat than did 2- or 4-year-old jujube and there was less effect on productivity of jujube in the 6-year-old system than in the 2- or 4-year-old jujube trees grown in monoculture. . The 20 litre large container with a blue base, and the 38 L extra large container . Li, X., Peng, D., Zhang, C. & Dong, X. Nutrient quality analysis of Yellow River jujube. After entering the 21st century, in the desert of southern Xinjiang Province, China, a novel cultivation model for high early yields and high fruit quality was established. Farm Prod. Shandong Agricultural University, Taian (2008). Jujube Tree Care - How To Grow A Jujube Tree Asian J. Chem.23, 39893992 (2011). Thyrsiflora Cheng et Liu mainly according to the inflorescence type. Zhang, X. Metabolomic Approaches Reveal the Physiological Mechanism of China Cointree as Jujubes Stock in Resistance to Jujube Witches Broom. in Hetian, south Xinjiang province, northwest China. Rapid SNP discovery and a RAD-Based high-density linkage map in jujube (Ziziphus Mill.). Moreover, they cannot be adapted to large-scale, mechanized, and labor-saving operations in the future, nor can they meet the demands for high-quality, safe, and high-end products. Jujube trees are highly adaptable, with outstanding tolerance to drought; low-fertility, saline, and alkali soils; high temperatures and late frosts. Plant Physiol. Competitive interaction in a jujube tree/wheat agroforestry system in Acta Hortic. Sin.41, 21152124 (2014). Hudinai, M., Liu, M., Veberic, R., Stamper, F. & Colaria, M. Phenolic compounds in the fruit of different varieties of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Hebei17, 110 (1994). BMC Plant Biol.19, 189 (2019). Liu, P., Peng, J., Peng, S., Zhou, J. Yan, C. et al. & Li, Q. jujube, either of two species of small spiny trees of the genus Ziziphus (family Rhamnaceae) and their fruit. A series of gene families and metabolisms responsive to phytoplasma infection were studied, showing that photosynthetic, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism play crucial roles during phytoplasma infection33 and that the MAPK-WRKY pathway is responsive to phytoplasma stress23,24,32. Jujube is difficult to keep fresh. B, Hortic.XLIII, 203206 (2000). Anal.73, 1016 (2018). With the breakthroughs in cross-breeding technology, the acquisition of a progeny population and the establishment of genetic maps, genetic research into important traits was also carried out. Chin. Phytopathology108, 10671077 (2018). Juice obtained from the fruits is used in making small . J. Hebei Agric. Sci. Comparing the tetraploid jujube cultivar Riguang and its diploid counterpart Dongzao, Riguang has wider and darker green leaves, higher chlorophyll content, a higher photosynthesis rate, larger stomata, larger pollen and flowers, wider and larger fruits, and an earlier maturation time but is also less vigorous and less cold hardy79. The joint map across the 12 linkage groups (the same as the basic chromosome number in jujube) spanned 1020.22cM, with a mean marker distance of 0.32cM. For fresh eating jujubes, it was found that promoting the lignification of bearing shoots through extremely heavy pruning may accelerate fruiting, increase yield and result in larger fruit109. Food Sci.33, 4851 (2012). Fourth, jujube can satisfactorily meet the concerns and needs of the government and the public. In vivo fast induction of homogeneous autopolyploids via callus in sour jujube (Ziziphus acidojujuba Cheng et Liu). Identifying the genetic diversity, genetic structure and a core collection of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Google Scholar. & Liu, M. Embryo abortion and young embryo culture of Chinese jujube. The third is The Illustrated Germplasm Resources of Jujube55, in which pictures and research data for 250 cultivars (57 table jujubes, 80 for dehydration, 82 for both dehydration and fresh eating, 17 for processing, and 14 ornamental varieties) were obtained from the National Chinese Jujube Repository (Taigu, Shanxi). The combination of artificial drying, mechanical cleaning, and automatic sorting can significantly improve the appearance of commercial fruit, increase production efficiency and economic benefits, and reduce losses after harvest. Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Internet Explorer). Mengjun Liu. and wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) Chen, Y., Zhao, Z., Zhao, J. J. Ningxia Agric. They are Section Ziziphus Cheng et Liu and Section Perdurans Cheng et Liu. Food Res. In vitro tetraploid induction of Ziziphus jujuba Dongzao and Z. acidojujuba (Z. spinosa Hu) with colchicine. Agrofor Syst 43:534, Schroth G, Zech W (1995) Above- and below-ground biomass dynamics in a sole cropping and an alley cropping system with Gliricidia sepium in the semi-deciduous rainforest zone of West Africa. There are many traditional processed jujube products, such as candied jujube, smoked jujube, stoneless sugared jujube, jujube liquor, liquor-saturated jujube, jujube jam, jujube paste, and so on103,148,149. ), (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Romania. This method can produce cross and reciprocal-cross hybrids at the same time85. It has great potential in international markets, as currently, its export proportion is <0.5% in China. Competitive interaction in jujube tree/cotton agroforestry system in Acta Hortic.390, 161165 (1995). At present, the jujube industry in China has entered a new era of transformation, upgrading, and globalization150,151. Acta Hortic. Approximately 1500 YA (the Northern Wei Dynasty), Jia Simiao wrote a famous agricultural book called Qi Min Yao Shu that not only recorded 45 jujube cultivars but also described cultivar selection breeding, orchard site selection, planting times and methods, flower thinning, girdling, harvesting, and jujube paste processing. CAB International, Wallingford, p 276, Zamora DS, Jose S, Nair PKR, Ramsey CL (2006) Interspecific competition in a pecan-cotton alleycropping system in the southern United States: production physiology. Research content should be more systematic and cover both micro- and macro-issues. research in Romania. Acta Agric. 6 Key Jujube Benefits: Dosage & Safety | The Botanical Institute trees51, 810 (2019). Jujube fruits are eaten fresh, dried, boiled, stewed, and baked and are used to flavour tea. Plant Cell Tiss. for jujube products to respond to the demands of different international markets and especially of large distribution channels. 2011(Zhang et al. Shandong Fruits17, 13 (1985). & Ma, Z. The Chinese jujube tree always presents some unfavorable performances because its vegetative growth is very vigorous. More than 95% of grafts take successfully if scion wood is coated with a thin layer of wax. Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding (2019). J. Univ.42, 8590 (2019). Genome sequencing-based multiomics analysis combining transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and phenotypic data has taken horticultural research to a new level. & Jiang, Y. Chinese Dates: A Traditional Functional Food (CRC press, 2016). In recent years, the interploidy hybridization of jujube and the interspecific hybridization between jujube and sour jujube were successfully carried out20,84,85. Back to albums list. However, the earliest records and evidence from Iran and Japan could only be traced back to 2000 YA, when SinoJapan exchanges became popular and Zhang Qian was sent on a diplomatic mission to west Asia and European countries during the Han Dynasty. BMC Genomics18, 855 (2017). cv. Judging from old grafted jujube trees, grafting has been used for at least 1000 years. Chen et al. Updates? Chen, Y. L. & Schirarend, C. Rhamnaceae. Technol.226, 985989 (2008). Chen et al. Research status of jujube processing technology at home and abroad. Genetic diversity and population structure of sour jujube, Ziziphus acidojujuba. We can simulate the growth trend of the bearing jujube based on different length conditions and use L ( d) = l max 1 + e a - r d to calculate the length of the bearing jujube based on different growth days. Google Scholar. Pest Dis.31, 1214 (2012). Jinsixiaozao. Sci. Evaluation of Six Natural Variants and Screening of Genes Associated with Twisted Branches in Ziziphus Jujuba Mill. The genome sequencing of a drying jujube cultivar Junzao and the resequencing of some cultivated and wild jujubes identified the selective sweep regions involved in acid and sugar metabolism and provided insights into an important domestication pattern in fruit taste15. Pap. The tree can be propagated by seed or root sprout. 7. PLoS ONE10, e0127812 (2015). Acta Hortic. Hortic Res 7, 119 (2020). Agrofor Syst 31:181198, Schroth G, Poidy N, Morshauser T, Zech W (1995) Effects of different methods of soil tillage and biomass application on crop yields and soil properties in agroforestry with high tree competition. The cultivation of fresh jujubes in plastic shelters has resulted in great success in rainy southern China108; this method can greatly reduce the fruit cracking caused by rain at the maturity stage from 70 to <10%. Su, C., Liu, X., Yan, C., Bai., X. For Sci 48:7784, Jose S, Gillespie AR, Seifert JR, Mengel DB, Pope PE (2000) Defining competition vectors in a temperate alley cropping system in the mid-western USA. China is the country with the longest history of jujube cultivation. Root distribution and interactions in jujube tree/wheat agroforestry system. Chara cterization of a pectic polysaccharide from the fruit of Ziziphus jujuba. Technol.33, 396402 (2015). Liu, P. et al. Hortic.01, 7478 (2019). 41, 8285 (2005). Nat. Sin.31, 647650 (2004). Fu found that controlled freezing-point storage was better than normal cold storage in terms of delaying ripening and aging126. Estimation of Evapotranspiration of a Jujube/Cotton Intercropping In the Book of Songs, published 3000 YA, it is clearly mentioned that jujubes were already widely cultivated in China. The rate of obtaining hybrids in jujube is usually <0.01% by the traditional crossing approach. Chireceanu, C., Iamandei, M., Stnic, F. & Chiriloaie, A.