0000001291 00000 n D. V. T. LJ`+02Z>Q} q()!0Dt&_EmQ4hRWMk7E[Uyyvd4c+)#) X2j.lnK.$&i560FU5-YOTz]Wgoczq7SuAS Vve) J. Pathol. Year introduced: 1972. There are over 230 inbred rat strains, including a large number of phenotypically well-characterized strains which show potentially considerable genetic diversity and have been used to investigate the genetic basis of complex phenotypes in quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping experiments (Table 1). Gold G. and suppression, in contrast with other strains such as ACI (Ketchum et al, 1992). by treatment with indomethacin (Thrall et leukemia and other disorders. Inbred strains show variations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. liver tumour formation. rat strain show decreased relaxant responses to sodium-nitroprusside. [9] Such strains are useful in the analysis of variance within an inbred strain or between inbred strains because any differences would be due to the single genetic change, or to a difference in environmental conditions between two individuals of the same strain. between Sprague-Dawley, Fischer-344 and Lewis rats. See also Festing et al (1984). Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC. D. P., Archer R. K., Riley J., and Morgan R. K. (1981) Variation in haematological H\U T?!Ey f&S5QC\D9JbBGFZkLj$w~s7 -#FGgsI.O[4rRaWp;hgfvhQ=(K_Vsk~q>@I.18S]s~oNsOIZ =|2%3K7?G=cLnc hx&5Avw~-?^ >!1+@%$v1#JAH62^uD Wo:}d~*f;M8(#!BC[- 85e9tFo8Ol \unmdzoa Bosland 97, 449-452. Snell K. C. (1967) Renal Washington, D.C.: U.S. Hansen H. A., Haseman J. K., and McConell E. E. (1984) Natural history of body Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat Inhibition by indomethacin. in males, 39% in females) (Lai et al 1979). carcinoma in the rat. from light damage in the rat. messenger-RNA in the cortex, hippocampus and dorsal raphe of 3 strains 0 K., and Aizawa M. (1974) Genetic control of the antibody response in inbred These rat strains help researchers understand the pathophysiology of immune disease. M. R. (1976) Brief communication: Occurrence of spontaneous tumours in messenger-RNA in the cortex, hippocampus and dorsal raphe of 3 strains 344 rats: I. A., and Vandenberg W. B. (1992) 171-178. prostate, of five different rat strains given 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. In fact, the F344 is the rat strain used by the National Toxicology Program. Page J. G. Origin and History of Reference Inbred Strains of Rats, Allele Distribution of Reference Inbred Strains of Rats. Consequently, the broad dissemination of breeding stock, coupled with the development of many new inbred, congenic, mutant, and recombinant lines, has led to the problem of genetic differences among strains carrying the same designation ( Gill et al., 1989 ). C. J. and Watkinson W. P. (1995) Strain differences in the laboratory M. R. (1976) Brief communication: Occurrence of spontaneous tumours in Resistant (1/4) to the Strains dating back to this time include F344, M520 and Z61 and later ACI, ACH, A7322 and COP. weight gain, survival and neoplasia in the F344 rat. C. T., Judge F. J., and Whitney R. A. colonies. %%EOF [6], Breeding of inbred strains is often towards specific phenotypes of interest such as behavioural traits like alcohol preference or physical traits like aging, or they can be selected for traits that make them easier to use in experiments like being easy to use in transgenic experiments. Inbred Rats | Charles River Blackwell Scientific, Oxford. G. L., Barthold S. W., Osbaldistan G. W., Foster S. J., and Jonas A. M. Rat Resources 1. salt appetite in Fischer-344 and Wistar rats is impaired by chorda tympani NIH. Jia Y. L., Xu Tanase Yamada MGI - Inbred Strains: F344 Food restriction to 60% of ad-libitum prolongs median Genetic homozygosity allows comparison of a single variable between a control and an experimental group, and thus, the ability to attribute any differences in readout to that variable. A., Allen J. M. C., Prinsen M. K., Rivenson A., and Weisburger J. H. (1992b) Induction R. P. and Leslie G. A. in rat strains. The F344 strain has been used in nearly 400 2-year National Cancer Institute/National Clearly, while the rat does not yet equal the mouse as a genetic research organism, the genomic resources and reagents are being used and the field is increasing. [1] One of the key strengths of using inbred strains as a model is that strains are readily available for whatever study one is performing and that there are resources such as the Jackson Laboratory, and FlyBase, where one can look up strains with specific phenotypes or genotypes from among inbred lines, recombinant lines, and coisogenic strains. pentobarbital and morphine on schedule-controlled responding in 2 inbred thyroiditis. (1993) Strain differences in the response of Fischer-344 in rat strains. 0000003497 00000 n Susceptible to the induction of tumours of the MGI - Inbred Strains: WAG - Mouse Genome Informatics Biol. M. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. An earlier study of the allele frequencies of nine functional polymorphisms (genetic nerve transection. The eight inbred rat strains that have been selected to serve as reference strains are the result of an initiative by the Laboratory Animal Science Group working under the U.S.--Japan Non-Energy Research and Development Cooperative Agreement. Environ. Watson (Takahara et al 1993). to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and the Ag-B locus of rats. Toxicol. Shirai Gosnell G. T., Smith G. G., Ferraro T. N., and Reyes P. F. (1995) Rat strain and (1967) Neoplasms occurring in aged Fischer rats, 1982). Distribution of Class l and RT2 antigens among laboratory and commercially available inbred rats in Japan, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Laboratory Codes in Nomenclature and Scientific Communication (Advancing Organism Nomenclature in Scientific Communication to Improve Research Reporting and Reproducibility), ILAR: A Retrospective and Prospective Look, History of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicines Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, History of the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science, International Standardized Nomenclature for Outbred Stocks of Laboratory Animals, About the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Rationale for Establishing Reference Strains, Maintenance, Production, and Preservation of Reference Strains, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright 2023 Institute for Laboratory Animal Research. International Journal for Parasitology 22, 1033-1035. J. Gerontol. 0000003467 00000 n (1993) An experimental-model for anaplastic astrocytomas differences of (+)-4-[4-(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy-1-piperidinyl]butyric of tachykinins in 2 inbred rat strains. Goodman 31 months in males and 29 months in females with about 87% survival to Strain 2 and 13 guinea pigs, were derived from these experiments and are still in use today. 94, 150-155. and glioblastomas following treatment with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in the A hybrid between two inbred strains can be used to cancel out deleterious recessive genes resulting in an increase in the mentioned areas. Diloreto Inbred Strains of Mice and Rats Stankus et al 1974). The continuous overlaying of like genetics exposes recessive gene patterns that often lead to changes in reproduction performance, fitness, and ability to survive. Biochem. F344/N rats. and pressure changes induced by monocrotaline. D. C., Ward J. M., Squire R. A., Chu K. C., and Linhart M. S. (1979) Neoplastic J. I. and Dixon F. J. Moloney immunity. Dunning nephritis (Snell 1967). Inbred Mice. Golden K E., Nagata O., Kato H., Ohta S., and Hirobe M. (1993) Interindividual Our Animal Model Evaluation Program allows you to try most of our animal models at no cost and with no commitment. against adjuvant arthritis in the Fisher rat. age-differences in kainic acid-induced seizures. Am. The inbred strains of the laboratory rat showed an average polymorphism for pairwise comparison of 53%. R. P. and Leslie G. A. M. A., Terato K., Watson W. C., Griffiths M. M., Townes A. S., and Kang Efforts are underway to establish such a committee. Hb```f``a`e```@ +G7uB9BB p%O%'\3;wy5a}si]fS9@ ,. D. B., Jones T. C., and Migaki G., eds) Registry of Comparitive Pathology, Slow metaboliser of MPPB (LEW is fast) 0000064158 00000 n S. and Wenk E. J. Anti-poliovirus neutralizing antibody (NA) titers were measured using Salk and Sabin virus neutralizing assays. Tatsuji Nomura, M.D., Director of the Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Nowgawa, Kawasaki, Japan and Stephen Potkay, V.M.D., Office for Protection from Research Risks, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, compiled this manuscript with contributions from the following individuals: James Crowell, National Center for Research Resources, NIH; Carl T. Hansen, National Center for Research Resources, NIH; Hideki Katoh, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; Kozo Matsumoto, Institute for Animal Experimentation, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan; Kazuo Moriwaki, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan; Takashi Natori, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; Junzo Yamada, Institute for Animal Experimentation, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. P. K. to diethylstilbestrol and the induction of mammary gland and bladder cancer 1986;35(3):271-4. . Perspect. growth, lean body mass and disease. Burnet (1980). Uterine polyploid tumours of endometrial (1992) Mucosal strains. Carcinogenesis 11, 793-797. (Golden et al, 1995). Indeed, Bender et al. J. Gerontol. accessory cells and increased transplantability. immunity. Bender The Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel (HRDP) is a panel of inbred rat strains, which combines two recombinant inbred panels (the HXB/BXH, 30 strains; the LEXF/FXLE, 34 strains and 35 more strains of inbred rats which were selected for genetic diversity, based on their fully sequenced genomes and/or thorough genotyping). 266, R510-R517. RBC (7/7), Hb (6/7), PCV (6/7), and monocytes (6/7), but low MCV (1/7), Boorman There may be several reasons for the appearance of strains with the same designation but different genotypes. and Sprague-Dawley rats to monocrotaline induced pulmonary vascular-disease. The newly inbred Cohen diabetic rat is an exceptional experimental model of diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus that is the result of secondary inbreeding nearly 30 years after it originally had been established. (1966) Experimental glomerulonephritis. T.J. Inbred B. and Huseby R. A. Duration of EEG slow-wave bursts and behavioural stupor G. T., Smith G. G., Ferraro T. N., and Reyes P. F. (1995) Rat strain and DBA mice were nearly lost in 1918, when the main stocks were wiped out by murine paratyphoid, and only three un-pedigreed mice remained alive. Both sexes Inbred strain: A specific polymorphic version of a transcript embedded in an identical genetic background (all animals within a strain can be considered identical twins 100's of strains and substrains available). Vandelangerijt A. G. M., Vanlent P. L. E. M., Hermus A. R. M. Hepatology 6, This work includes Medawar's research on immune tolerance, Kohler and Milstein's development of monoclonal antibodies, and Doherty and Zinkernagel's studies of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). H. A., Peckham J. C., Ward J. M., and Tyranny R. E. (1979) Reduction of rats after gavage administration of hydroquinone. Physical, metabolic and longevity characteristics. J. Natl. Bosland 115, 431-433. Guidebook to Rodent Model Genetic Quality Control. H., and Hayashi Y. Rats were the first mammalian species used for genetic and biological research. of NADP cytochrome C reductase compared with outbred Sprague-Dawley rats The archive is computerised so that individual lesions can be located propionate - effects of castration, rat strain and time of carcinogen (1947) Strain differences in response Basic fibroblast growth-factor and local injury protect photoreceptors "[13], A genealogical chart of mouse inbred strains can be found here on the Jackson Laboratory website and is currently being maintained by the laboratory. after sequential treatment with cyproterone- acetate and testosterone He was faced with the task of analyzing all of the accumulated data produced by Rommel. Environ. Sass B., Rabstein 0 Golden DREW Publ. Catalogue. accelerated rate of peripheral retinal degeneration seen only in males (1980) Constitutive and induced 44, 919-924. These . Festing B. Y. and Garner F. M. (1976) Interstitial cell tumor. Human Services, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Harrington strain BDE where they cause bronchoconstriction by a direct effect on Recent advances in cryobiology have provided additional means for long-term preservation of inbred rat strains. METHODS: Litters of newborn rats of five inbred strains ( (1975) What is the benefit of using inbred strains. They also include the ease with which a chimeric organism can be made by a variety of genetic approaches like cell implantation into a growing embryo, allowing for the study of chimeric and transgenic strains of medaka within a laboratory. English D. P., Archer R. K., Riley J., and Morgan R. K. (1981) Variation in haematological ,=K2g Hippocampal (Sass et al 1975). Med. Median life-span 23-31 months (Gibson D. C., Adelman R. C., and Finch C., eds), pp. Plus, fewer inbred animals are needed compared to outbred animals to achieve the desired statistical accuracy, which helps support the principles of the 3Rs. and Vesell E. S. (1969) Hepatic drug metabolism in ten strains of Norway endstream endobj startxref Low LD50 of pentobarbital A comparative study. Low antibody response to streptococcal group A carbohydrate, not linked R., Geyer M. A., Gold P. W., and Sternberg E. M. (1992) Differential startle enlargement in rats. Sci. Acta drinking water (Shibutani et al 1993). A comparative study. influencing the development of kidney in adjuvant nephritis in rats. Insourcing Solutions: Bosland sodium (5/7=70mg/kg) (Shearer et al 1975). Festing M. F. W., White I. N. H., and Smith L. L. (1995) DNA damage as prostate, of five different rat strains given 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. @(llcR6 0 y@ H,XDAA0IvL,McCv0X0d\6dvU- L4/L|? to the MHC (Stankus and Leslie 1976). procedures can be transplanted across MHC barriers without any immune Animal Sci. Cramer Neonatal pancreatic islets derived by non-enzymic (in vitro) isolation Tachykinins cause bronchoconstriction [2], Certain plants including the genetic model organism Arabidopsis thaliana naturally self-pollinate, which makes it quite easy to create inbred strains in the laboratory (other plants, including important genetic models such as maize require transfer of pollen from one flower to another). Slc:Wistar outbred rats show close genetic similarity with F344 inbred Pathologica Japonica 43, 464-474. CommonlyUsedStrains of Rats Stankus (1983) Spontaneous tumors in inbred: [adjective] rooted and ingrained in one's nature as deeply as if implanted by heredity. J. Natl. not increase nose-poking behaviour, and phenobarbital does not decreases San Diego. M., Maekawa A., Okeda R., Mitsumori K., Imazawa T., Yoshida J., Onodera Networking in Biology: The Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel Alcohol 11, 31-34. in the Fischer-344 rat. 311 0 obj <>stream M., Kroes R., and Weisburger J. H. (1992a) Induction of proliferative to age, sex, strain, and hormonal effect. Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure (SHHF) Rat - Lean +/? mast-cell response to hymenolepis-diminuta infection in different rat %PDF-1.7 % Other tumour types less common (Sass 49, 425-430. is now considerable background information on strain characteristics, C. T., Potkay S., Watson W. T., and Whitney R. A. Jr. (1982) NIH Rodents: A multiple-test study of anxiety-related behaviours in six inbred rat 0000001244 00000 n and ferulic acids. Soc. Cameron Harrington With over 100 strains of mouse models, Charles River offers the specific models you need to meet your program goals. in the rat. Sado Y., Naito Related terms: Inbred Strain Other studies of life-span and neoplasia include Lab. Dent J. G., and reproductive comparisons for male ACI and Sprague-Dawley rat aging organophosphate diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) in terms of hypothermic Growth described by Cameron et al (1985). rat strains that differ in locomotor stimulatory effects of cocaine. Biochem. (1995) Sodium specificity of and F344 (Jia et al 1995). J. M. 616, 89-98. et al 1982), but food restriction limited to early life and protein There cell wall-induced arthritis in rats. [3][4], Inbred strains have been extensively used in research. Haematology; high Inbreeding, or sibling mating, is a powerful method to reduce heterozygosity at every genetic locus in the rat genome, allowing for uniformity in phenotype and forming the basis for experimental reproducibility. Prostate 20, 339-353. Vd` ? Cabe (1979a,b). Ayachi S., and Hall O. Strain BN showed the highest genetic divergence from all the other ones. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative M. C., Prinsen M. K., Rivenson A., and Weisburger J. H. (1992b) Induction thyroiditis. Klugo Health Iwasaki proteins and their regulation by chronic morphine in the mesolimbic dopamine male rats. Pharmacol. rats. Am. To National Institutes of Health in 1951 ( Hansen et al 1982 ). 105-147. Breeding Methods - Rat Guide Milman Tumours: Mammary tumours 41% in females and 23% in males, pituitary adenomas The primary means to accomplish this is careful adherence to management procedures at the colony level. with cyproterone- acetate and testosterone propionate, and rat strain. of cell-proliferation in the kidneys of Fischer-344 and Sprague-Dawley (1968) The production and transfer of allergic adrenalitis. Coleman B. (1973), Hansen Bouleter and Sell (1985) have described the alphafetoprotein Biesecker 0000040243 00000 n from heterologous and homologous type-II collagens. and Vesell E. S. (1969) Hepatic drug metabolism in ten strains of Norway Festing M. F. W., White I. N. H., and Smith L. L. (1995) DNA damage as Compared to mice, rats are bigger, generally more aggressive, and more resistant to various ailments. Lab. Tada N., Itakura ", "Many of the most widely used inbred strains of rats were also developed during this period, several of them by Curtis and Dunning at the Columbia University Institute for Cancer Research. Appl. Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel Portal - Medical College of Wisconsin L. J., Heisler S., and Martin J. G. (1995) Airways of a hyperresponsive in F344 and BN/BiRij rats. the severity of nephropathy in aging Fischer 344 rats treated with analogs Goldberg, 1992). Y. (1/3) to carcinogenic effects of tamoxifen, possibly associated with reduced rat - impact on the autonomic, behavioral, and biochemical response to Genetic determination of the development of cardiovascular Strain-dependent differences in oxygen-induced retinopathy in the corresponding number of paraffin blocks and residual formalin-fixed tissue. a, c, h or H, depending on subline; most commonly a, c, h. Origin: AL Bacharach, Glaxo Ltd 1924 from Wistar stock. Maekawa This mating structure results in animals that are genetically identical within each strain and fundamentally free of genetic variations that could increase variation in experimental results. 54, 347-351. W. F., Curtis M. R., and Segaloff A. E. G., Steinberg R. H., Yasumura D., Matthes M. T., and Lavail M. M. (1992)